Source code for yt.visualization.volume_rendering.camera

import weakref
from numbers import Number as numeric_type

import numpy as np

from yt.funcs import ensure_numpy_array, is_sequence
from yt.units.yt_array import YTArray, YTQuantity
from yt.utilities.math_utils import get_rotation_matrix
from yt.utilities.orientation import Orientation

from .lens import Lens, lenses
from .utils import data_source_or_all


def _sanitize_camera_property_units(value, scene):
    if is_sequence(value):
        if len(value) == 1:
            return _sanitize_camera_property_units(value[0], scene)
        elif isinstance(value, YTArray) and len(value) == 3:
            return scene.arr(value).in_units("unitary")
        elif (
            len(value) == 2
            and isinstance(value[0], numeric_type)
            and isinstance(value[1], str)
        ):
            return scene.arr([scene.arr(value[0], value[1]).in_units("unitary")] * 3)
        if len(value) == 3:
            if all(is_sequence(v) for v in value):
                if all(
                    isinstance(v[0], numeric_type) and isinstance(v[1], str)
                    for v in value
                ):
                    return scene.arr([scene.arr(v[0], v[1]) for v in value])
                else:
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        f"Cannot set camera width to invalid value '{value}'"
                    )
            return scene.arr(value, "unitary")
    else:
        if isinstance(value, (YTQuantity, YTArray)):
            return scene.arr([value.d] * 3, value.units).in_units("unitary")
        elif isinstance(value, numeric_type):
            return scene.arr([value] * 3, "unitary")
    raise RuntimeError(f"Cannot set camera width to invalid value '{value}'")


[docs] class Camera(Orientation): r"""A representation of a point of view into a Scene. It is defined by a position (the location of the camera in the simulation domain,), a focus (the point at which the camera is pointed), a width (the width of the snapshot that will be taken, a resolution (the number of pixels in the image), and a north_vector (the "up" direction in the resulting image). A camera can use a variety of different Lens objects. Parameters ---------- scene: A :class:`yt.visualization.volume_rendering.scene.Scene` object A scene object that the camera will be attached to. data_source: :class:`AMR3DData` or :class:`Dataset`, optional This is the source to be rendered, which can be any arbitrary yt data object or dataset. lens_type: string, optional This specifies the type of lens to use for rendering. Current options are 'plane-parallel', 'perspective', and 'fisheye'. See :class:`yt.visualization.volume_rendering.lens.Lens` for details. Default: 'plane-parallel' auto: boolean If True, build smart defaults using the data source extent. This can be time-consuming to iterate over the entire dataset to find the positional bounds. Default: False Examples -------- In this example, the camera is set using defaults that are chosen to be reasonable for the argument Dataset. >>> import yt >>> from yt.visualization.volume_rendering.api import Scene >>> ds = yt.load("IsolatedGalaxy/galaxy0030/galaxy0030") >>> sc = Scene() >>> cam = sc.add_camera(ds) Here, we set the camera properties manually: >>> import yt >>> from yt.visualization.volume_rendering.api import Scene >>> sc = Scene() >>> cam = sc.add_camera() >>> cam.position = np.array([0.5, 0.5, -1.0]) >>> cam.focus = np.array([0.5, 0.5, 0.0]) >>> cam.north_vector = np.array([1.0, 0.0, 0.0]) Finally, we create a camera with a non-default lens: >>> import yt >>> from yt.visualization.volume_rendering.api import Scene >>> ds = yt.load("IsolatedGalaxy/galaxy0030/galaxy0030") >>> sc = Scene() >>> cam = sc.add_camera(ds, lens_type="perspective") """ _moved = True _width = None _focus = None _position = None _resolution = None def __init__(self, scene, data_source=None, lens_type="plane-parallel", auto=False): # import this here to avoid an import cycle from .scene import Scene if not isinstance(scene, Scene): raise RuntimeError( "The first argument passed to the Camera initializer is a " f"{type(scene)} object, expected a {Scene} object" ) self.scene = weakref.proxy(scene) self.lens = None self.north_vector = None self.normal_vector = None self.light = None self.data_source = data_source_or_all(data_source) self._resolution = (512, 512) if self.data_source is not None: self.scene._set_new_unit_registry(self.data_source.ds.unit_registry) self._focus = self.data_source.ds.domain_center self._position = self.data_source.ds.domain_right_edge self._width = self.data_source.ds.arr( [1.5 * self.data_source.ds.domain_width.max()] * 3 ) self._domain_center = self.data_source.ds.domain_center self._domain_width = self.data_source.ds.domain_width else: self._focus = scene.arr([0.0, 0.0, 0.0], "unitary") self._width = scene.arr([1.0, 1.0, 1.0], "unitary") self._position = scene.arr([1.0, 1.0, 1.0], "unitary") if auto: self.set_defaults_from_data_source(data_source) super().__init__( self.focus - self.position, self.north_vector, steady_north=False ) self.set_lens(lens_type) @property def position(self): r""" The location of the camera. Parameters ---------- position : number, YTQuantity, :obj:`!iterable`, or 3 element YTArray If a scalar, assumes that the position is the same in all three coordinates. If an iterable, must contain only scalars or (length, unit) tuples. """ return self._position @position.setter def position(self, value): position = _sanitize_camera_property_units(value, self.scene) if np.array_equal(position, self.focus): raise RuntimeError( "Cannot set the camera focus and position to the same value" ) self._position = position self.switch_orientation( normal_vector=self.focus - self._position, north_vector=self.north_vector, ) @position.deleter def position(self): del self._position @property def width(self): r"""The width of the region that will be seen in the image. Parameters ---------- width : number, YTQuantity, :obj:`!iterable`, or 3 element YTArray The width of the volume rendering in the horizontal, vertical, and depth directions. If a scalar, assumes that the width is the same in all three directions. If an iterable, must contain only scalars or (length, unit) tuples. """ return self._width @width.setter def width(self, value): width = _sanitize_camera_property_units(value, self.scene) self._width = width self.switch_orientation() @width.deleter def width(self): del self._width self._width = None @property def focus(self): r""" The focus defines the point the Camera is pointed at. Parameters ---------- focus : number, YTQuantity, :obj:`!iterable`, or 3 element YTArray The width of the volume rendering in the horizontal, vertical, and depth directions. If a scalar, assumes that the width is the same in all three directions. If an iterable, must contain only scalars or (length, unit) tuples. """ return self._focus @focus.setter def focus(self, value): focus = _sanitize_camera_property_units(value, self.scene) if np.array_equal(focus, self.position): raise RuntimeError( "Cannot set the camera focus and position to the same value" ) self._focus = focus self.switch_orientation( normal_vector=self.focus - self._position, north_vector=None ) @focus.deleter def focus(self): del self._focus @property def resolution(self): r"""The resolution is the number of pixels in the image that will be produced. Must be a 2-tuple of integers or an integer.""" return self._resolution @resolution.setter def resolution(self, value): if is_sequence(value): if len(value) != 2: raise RuntimeError else: value = (value, value) self._resolution = value @resolution.deleter def resolution(self): del self._resolution self._resolution = None
[docs] def set_resolution(self, resolution): """ The resolution is the number of pixels in the image that will be produced. Must be a 2-tuple of integers or an integer. """ self.resolution = resolution
[docs] def get_resolution(self): """ Returns the resolution of the volume rendering """ return self.resolution
def _get_sampler_params(self, render_source): lens_params = self.lens._get_sampler_params(self, render_source) lens_params.update(width=self.width) pos = self.position.in_units("code_length").d width = self.width.in_units("code_length").d lens_params.update(camera_data=np.vstack((pos, width, self.unit_vectors.d))) return lens_params
[docs] def set_lens(self, lens_type): r"""Set the lens to be used with this camera. Parameters ---------- lens_type : string Must be one of the following: 'plane-parallel' 'perspective' 'stereo-perspective' 'fisheye' 'spherical' 'stereo-spherical' """ if isinstance(lens_type, Lens): self.lens = lens_type elif lens_type not in lenses: raise RuntimeError( f"Lens type {lens_type} not in available list of available lens " "types ({})".format(", ".join([f"{_!r}" for _ in lenses])) ) else: self.lens = lenses[lens_type]() self.lens.set_camera(self)
[docs] def set_defaults_from_data_source(self, data_source): """Resets the camera attributes to their default values""" position = data_source.ds.domain_right_edge width = 1.5 * data_source.ds.domain_width.max() (xmi, xma), (ymi, yma), (zmi, zma) = data_source.quantities["Extrema"]( ["x", "y", "z"] ) width = np.sqrt((xma - xmi) ** 2 + (yma - ymi) ** 2 + (zma - zmi) ** 2) focus = data_source.get_field_parameter("center") if is_sequence(width) and len(width) > 1 and isinstance(width[1], str): width = data_source.ds.quan(width[0], units=width[1]) # Now convert back to code length for subsequent manipulation width = width.in_units("code_length") # .value if not is_sequence(width): width = data_source.ds.arr([width, width, width], units="code_length") # left/right, top/bottom, front/back if not isinstance(width, YTArray): width = data_source.ds.arr(width, units="code_length") if not isinstance(focus, YTArray): focus = data_source.ds.arr(focus, units="code_length") # We can't use the property setters yet, since they rely on attributes # that will not be set up until the base class initializer is called. # See Issue #1131. self._width = width self._focus = focus self._position = position self._domain_center = data_source.ds.domain_center self._domain_width = data_source.ds.domain_width super().__init__( self.focus - self.position, self.north_vector, steady_north=False ) self._moved = True
[docs] def set_width(self, width): r"""Set the width of the image that will be produced by this camera. Parameters ---------- width : number, YTQuantity, :obj:`!iterable`, or 3 element YTArray The width of the volume rendering in the horizontal, vertical, and depth directions. If a scalar, assumes that the width is the same in all three directions. If an iterable, must contain only scalars or (length, unit) tuples. """ self.width = width self.switch_orientation()
[docs] def get_width(self): """Return the current camera width""" return self.width
[docs] def set_position(self, position, north_vector=None): r"""Set the position of the camera. Parameters ---------- position : number, YTQuantity, :obj:`!iterable`, or 3 element YTArray If a scalar, assumes that the position is the same in all three coordinates. If an iterable, must contain only scalars or (length, unit) tuples. north_vector : array_like, optional The 'up' direction for the plane of rays. If not specific, calculated automatically. """ if north_vector is not None: self.north_vector = north_vector self.position = position
[docs] def get_position(self): """Return the current camera position""" return self.position
[docs] def set_focus(self, new_focus): """Sets the point the Camera is pointed at. Parameters ---------- new_focus : number, YTQuantity, :obj:`!iterable`, or 3 element YTArray If a scalar, assumes that the focus is the same is all three coordinates. If an iterable, must contain only scalars or (length, unit) tuples. """ self.focus = new_focus
[docs] def get_focus(self): """Returns the current camera focus""" return self.focus
[docs] def switch_orientation(self, normal_vector=None, north_vector=None): r"""Change the view direction based on any of the orientation parameters. This will recalculate all the necessary vectors and vector planes related to an orientable object. Parameters ---------- normal_vector: array_like, optional The new looking vector from the camera to the focus. north_vector : array_like, optional The 'up' direction for the plane of rays. If not specific, calculated automatically. """ if north_vector is None: north_vector = self.north_vector if normal_vector is None: normal_vector = self.normal_vector self._setup_normalized_vectors(normal_vector, north_vector) self.lens.setup_box_properties(self)
[docs] def switch_view(self, normal_vector=None, north_vector=None): r"""Change the view based on any of the view parameters. This will recalculate the orientation and width based on any of normal_vector, width, center, and north_vector. Parameters ---------- normal_vector: array_like, optional The new looking vector from the camera to the focus. north_vector : array_like, optional The 'up' direction for the plane of rays. If not specific, calculated automatically. """ if north_vector is None: north_vector = self.north_vector if normal_vector is None: normal_vector = self.normal_vector self.switch_orientation(normal_vector=normal_vector, north_vector=north_vector) self._moved = True
[docs] def rotate(self, theta, rot_vector=None, rot_center=None): r"""Rotate by a given angle Rotate the view. If `rot_vector` is None, rotation will occur around the `north_vector`. Parameters ---------- theta : float, in radians Angle (in radians) by which to rotate the view. rot_vector : array_like, optional Specify the rotation vector around which rotation will occur. Defaults to None, which sets rotation around `north_vector` rot_center : array_like, optional Specify the center around which rotation will occur. Defaults to None, which sets rotation around the original camera position (i.e. the camera position does not change) Examples -------- >>> import yt >>> import numpy as np >>> from yt.visualization.volume_rendering.api import Scene >>> sc = Scene() >>> cam = sc.add_camera() >>> # rotate the camera by pi / 4 radians: >>> cam.rotate(np.pi / 4.0) >>> # rotate the camera about the y-axis instead of cam.north_vector: >>> cam.rotate(np.pi / 4.0, np.array([0.0, 1.0, 0.0])) >>> # rotate the camera about the origin instead of its own position: >>> cam.rotate(np.pi / 4.0, rot_center=np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])) """ rotate_all = rot_vector is not None if rot_vector is None: rot_vector = self.north_vector if rot_center is None: rot_center = self._position rot_vector = ensure_numpy_array(rot_vector) rot_vector = rot_vector / np.linalg.norm(rot_vector) new_position = self._position - rot_center R = get_rotation_matrix(theta, rot_vector) new_position = np.dot(R, new_position) + rot_center if (new_position == self._position).all(): normal_vector = self.unit_vectors[2] else: normal_vector = rot_center - new_position normal_vector = normal_vector / np.sqrt((normal_vector**2).sum()) if rotate_all: self.switch_view( normal_vector=np.dot(R, normal_vector), north_vector=np.dot(R, self.unit_vectors[1]), ) else: self.switch_view(normal_vector=np.dot(R, normal_vector)) if (new_position != self._position).any(): self.set_position(new_position)
[docs] def pitch(self, theta, rot_center=None): r"""Rotate by a given angle about the horizontal axis Pitch the view. Parameters ---------- theta : float, in radians Angle (in radians) by which to pitch the view. rot_center : array_like, optional Specify the center around which rotation will occur. Examples -------- >>> import yt >>> import numpy as np >>> from yt.visualization.volume_rendering.api import Scene >>> sc = Scene() >>> sc.add_camera() >>> # pitch the camera by pi / 4 radians: >>> cam.pitch(np.pi / 4.0) >>> # pitch the camera about the origin instead of its own position: >>> cam.pitch(np.pi / 4.0, rot_center=np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])) """ self.rotate(theta, rot_vector=self.unit_vectors[0], rot_center=rot_center)
[docs] def yaw(self, theta, rot_center=None): r"""Rotate by a given angle about the vertical axis Yaw the view. Parameters ---------- theta : float, in radians Angle (in radians) by which to yaw the view. rot_center : array_like, optional Specify the center around which rotation will occur. Examples -------- >>> import yt >>> import numpy as np >>> from yt.visualization.volume_rendering.api import Scene >>> sc = Scene() >>> cam = sc.add_camera() >>> # yaw the camera by pi / 4 radians: >>> cam.yaw(np.pi / 4.0) >>> # yaw the camera about the origin instead of its own position: >>> cam.yaw(np.pi / 4.0, rot_center=np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])) """ self.rotate(theta, rot_vector=self.unit_vectors[1], rot_center=rot_center)
[docs] def roll(self, theta, rot_center=None): r"""Rotate by a given angle about the view normal axis Roll the view. Parameters ---------- theta : float, in radians Angle (in radians) by which to roll the view. rot_center : array_like, optional Specify the center around which rotation will occur. Examples -------- >>> import yt >>> import numpy as np >>> from yt.visualization.volume_rendering.api import Scene >>> sc = Scene() >>> cam = sc.add_camera(ds) >>> # roll the camera by pi / 4 radians: >>> cam.roll(np.pi / 4.0) >>> # roll the camera about the origin instead of its own position: >>> cam.roll(np.pi / 4.0, rot_center=np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])) """ self.rotate(theta, rot_vector=self.unit_vectors[2], rot_center=rot_center)
[docs] def iter_rotate(self, theta, n_steps, rot_vector=None, rot_center=None): r"""Loop over rotate, creating a rotation This will rotate `n_steps` until the current view has been rotated by an angle `theta`. Parameters ---------- theta : float, in radians Angle (in radians) by which to rotate the view. n_steps : int The number of snapshots to make. rot_vector : array_like, optional Specify the rotation vector around which rotation will occur. Defaults to None, which sets rotation around the original `north_vector` rot_center : array_like, optional Specify the center around which rotation will occur. Defaults to None, which sets rotation around the original camera position (i.e. the camera position does not change) Examples -------- >>> import yt >>> import numpy as np >>> ds = yt.load("IsolatedGalaxy/galaxy0030/galaxy0030") >>> im, sc = yt.volume_render(ds) >>> cam = sc.camera >>> for i in cam.iter_rotate(np.pi, 10): ... im = sc.render() ... sc.save("rotation_%04i.png" % i) """ dtheta = (1.0 * theta) / n_steps for i in range(n_steps): self.rotate(dtheta, rot_vector=rot_vector, rot_center=rot_center) yield i
[docs] def iter_move(self, final, n_steps, exponential=False): r"""Loop over an iter_move and return snapshots along the way. This will yield `n_steps` until the current view has been moved to a final center of `final`. Parameters ---------- final : YTArray The final center to move to after `n_steps` n_steps : int The number of snapshots to make. exponential : boolean Specifies whether the move/zoom transition follows an exponential path toward the destination or linear. Default is False. Examples -------- >>> import yt >>> import numpy as np >>> ds = yt.load("IsolatedGalaxy/galaxy0030/galaxy0030") >>> final_position = ds.arr([0.2, 0.3, 0.6], "unitary") >>> im, sc = yt.volume_render(ds) >>> cam = sc.camera >>> for i in cam.iter_move(final_position, 10): ... sc.render() ... sc.save("move_%04i.png" % i) """ assert isinstance(final, YTArray) if exponential: position_diff = (final / self.position) * 1.0 dx = position_diff ** (1.0 / n_steps) else: dx = (final - self.position) * 1.0 / n_steps for i in range(n_steps): if exponential: self.set_position(self.position * dx) else: self.set_position(self.position + dx) yield i
[docs] def zoom(self, factor): r"""Change the width of the FOV of the camera. This will appear to zoom the camera in by some `factor` toward the focal point along the current view direction, but really it's just changing the width of the field of view. Parameters ---------- factor : float The factor by which to divide the width Examples -------- >>> import yt >>> from yt.visualization.volume_rendering.api import Scene >>> ds = yt.load("IsolatedGalaxy/galaxy0030/galaxy0030") >>> sc = Scene() >>> cam = sc.add_camera(ds) >>> cam.zoom(1.1) """ self.width[:2] = self.width[:2] / factor
[docs] def iter_zoom(self, final, n_steps): r"""Loop over a iter_zoom and return snapshots along the way. This will yield `n_steps` snapshots until the current view has been zooming in to a final factor of `final`. Parameters ---------- final : float The zoom factor, with respect to current, desired at the end of the sequence. n_steps : int The number of zoom snapshots to make. Examples -------- >>> import yt >>> ds = yt.load("IsolatedGalaxy/galaxy0030/galaxy0030") >>> im, sc = yt.volume_render(ds) >>> cam = sc.camera >>> for i in cam.iter_zoom(100.0, 10): ... sc.render() ... sc.save("zoom_%04i.png" % i) """ f = final ** (1.0 / n_steps) for i in range(n_steps): self.zoom(f) yield i
def __repr__(self): disp = ( "<Camera Object>:\n\tposition:%s\n\tfocus:%s\n\t" + "north_vector:%s\n\twidth:%s\n\tlight:%s\n\tresolution:%s\n" ) % ( self.position, self.focus, self.north_vector, self.width, self.light, self.resolution, ) disp += f"Lens: {self.lens}" return disp